Variable, attribute, Raw Data, Statistical Series, Conversion, Individual series Without frequencies
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Learning Outcomes:- Through this
module, you will gain understanding on:- 1.
Concept of Variable 2.
Types of Variables 3.
Difference between a variable and attribute 4.
Raw Data 5.
Conversion of raw data into statistical series 6.
TYPES OF
STATISTICAL SERIES:- 1.
Individual series (Without frequencies) |
Concept of Variable -
● A phenomenon which changes its value overtime and is capable of being measured
● Quantity which is subject to change AND Which can be measured by some unit
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Phenomenon Weight of students of Class 11 |
Measuring unit kg |
Types of Variables -
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Discrete ● Increase in jumps or in complete numbers |
Continuous ● Assume a range of values 10-15, 15-20 so on ● Increase NOT in jumps but continuously or in fractions 1¼, 1½, 1¾ 5’4’’, 5’2’’ 2.4, 4.6, 6.8 |
Difference between a variable and attribute -
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Attribute |
Variable |
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● Qualitative change In anything Color of your hair ● A change in the attributes is only qualitatively expressed as good, excellent and outstanding |
● Change in an object which can be numerically expressed Average height of class 10th students in year 2005 was 5 feet 6 inches compared to 5 feet 5 inches in the previous year |
Raw Data -
● Mass of data in its crude form
● Unorganized mass of various items
● NOT homogeneous
● Classified into different classes with similarities
● No meaningful conclusion is possible from Raw Data
● Observation = An item of data
● Investigator has to first organize the Raw Data to draw any conclusion from it.
● To organize data, Classify the data in the form of series
● Statistical series =
○ Data which are presented in some order and sequence
○ Arranging data in different classes according to given order
○ e.g. Marks obtained by class 11th students are arranged according to their roll numbers in ascending order
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Series of statistical data with - |
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Univariate |
One variable only |
Income of households of a particular region |
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Bivariate |
Two variables |
Income as well as expenditure |
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Multivariate |
More than two variables |
Age, sex, education, income and expenditure |
Conversion of raw data into statistical
series -
Classification of raw data = Conversion into statistical series
Classes are formed keeping in mind…
● Nature of variables involved in the study
● Range of values that the variables tend to assume
TYPES OF STATISTICAL SERIES -
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1. Individual series (Without frequencies) |
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2. Frequency series (With frequencies) |
2.a Frequency Array (OR Discrete Series) 2.b Frequency Distribution (OR Series with Class Intervals) |
1.
Individual series (Without frequencies)
● Items are listed singly
● No class
● No frequency
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According to serial numbers ● All items are arranged in a serial order |
Ascending or descending order of data ● Ascending order = smallest value is placed first Example: 3<6<7<9<10 ● descending order = highest value is placed first Example: 10>9>7>6>3 |
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